National History Day lesson plan using Visualizing the Red Summer:
“WE RETURN FIGHTING: MAPPING THE EXPERIENCES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS AFTER WORLD WAR I“, created by Isabel Morales from Mendez High School, in collaboration with National History Day, the Pritzker Military Foundation and the U.S. WWI Centennial Commission.
Other Lesson plans:
Lesson plan using Visualizing the Red Summer as inspiration, created by the Academy 4 Social Change, as part of their Civil Rights Movement Series.
Grades 6-8 lesson plan created by Stockton University, using Visualizing the Red Summer to have students create historical markers for different cities marking the violence there.
Visualizing the Red Summer‘s creator Karen Sieber and other historians discuss how the Red Summer connects with the Tulsa Massacre and other violence in that time period, in this CBS News special hosted by Gayle King.
Selected books, journal articles related to the Red Summer
Ackerman, Kenneth D. Young J. Edgar: Hoover, the Red Scare, and the Assault on Civil Liberties (NY: Carroll & Graf, 2007).
Balto, Simon. Occupied Territory: Policing Black Chicago from Red Summer to Black Power. United States: University of North Carolina Press, 2019.
Cortner, Richard C. A mob intent on death: the NAACP and the Arkansas Riot cases. Wesleyan University Press, 1988.
Durham Jr, Kenneth R. “The Longview Race Riot of 1919.” East Texas Historical Journal 18.2 (1980): 6.
Ellis, Mark. “J. Edgar Hoover and the “Red Summer” of 1919.” Journal of American Studies 28.01 (1994): 39-59.
Ewing, Eve L.. 1919. United States: Haymarket Books, (n.d.).
Foley, Barbara. Spectres of 1919: Class and Nation in the Making of the New Negro. University of Illinois Press, 2003.
Francis, Megan Ming. Civil Rights and the Making of the Modern American State. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Jenkinson, Jacqueline. Black 1919 : Riots, Resistance and Racism in Imperial Britain. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009. Print.
Krugler, David F.. 1919, The Year of Racial Violence: How African Americans Fought Back. United States: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Lakin, Matthew. “A Dark Night’: The Knoxville Race Riot of 1919,” Journal of East Tennessee History, 72 (2000), pp. 1-29.
Lawson, Michael L. “Omaha, A City in Ferment: Summer of 1919.” Nebraska History 58.3 (1977): 395-416.
McWhirter, Cameron, Red Summer: The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. New York: St Martin’s Griffin, 2011. Print.
Menard, Orville D. “Tom Dennison, the Omaha Bee, and the 1919 Omaha Race Riot.” Nebraska History 68.4(1987): 152-165.
Mellis, Delia Cunningham. “The Monsters We Defy”: Washington, D.C. in the Red Summer of 1919. Dissertation, City University of New York, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2008.
Norwood, Stephen H. “Bogalusa Burning: The War Against Biracial Unionism in the Deep South, 1919.” The Journal of Southern History(1997): 591-628.
Sandburg, Carl, and Walter Lippmann. The Chicago Race Riots, July, 1919. Courier Corporation, 2013.
Stockley, Grif., Mitchell, Brian K.., Lancaster, Guy. Blood in Their Eyes: The Elaine Massacre of 1919. United States: University of Arkansas Press, 2020.
Taylor, Kieran. “” We have just begun”: Black organizing and white response in the Arkansas Delta, 1919.” The Arkansas Historical Quarterly58.3 (1999): 264.
Tuttle, William M. Race Riot: Chicago in the Summer of 1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996. Print.
Voogd, Jan. Race Riots and Resistance : the Red Summer of 1919. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Print.
Whitaker, Robert. On the Laps of Gods: The Red Summer of 1919 and the Struggle for Justice That Remade a Nation. United States: Three Rivers Press, 2009.
Wilkins, Roy. Anatomy of Four Race Riots: Racial Conflict in Knoxville, Elaine (Arkansas), Tulsa, and Chicago, 1919-1921. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2008.
Williams, Lee E.. Anatomy of Four Race Riots: Racial Conflict in Knoxville, Elaine (Arkansas), Tulsa, and Chicago, 1919-1921. United States: University and College Press of Mississippi, 1972.